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| − | == <small>'''Text'''</small> ==
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| − | Released June 20, 2003
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| − |
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| − | '''Contents'''
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| − | * Summary of the April 11 meeting
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| − | * Definition of open access publication
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| − | * Statement of the Institutions and Funding Agencies working group
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| − | * Statement of the Libraries & Publishers working group
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| − | * Statement of Scientists and Scientific Societies working group
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| − | * List of participants
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| − |
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| − | '''Summary of the April 11, 2003, Meeting on Open Access Publishing'''
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| − |
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| − | The following statements of principle were drafted during a one-day meeting
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| − | held on April 11, 2003 at the headquarters of the Howard Hughes Medical
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| − | Institute in Chevy Chase, Maryland. The purpose of this document is to stimulate
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| − | discussion within the biomedical research community on how to proceed, as
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| − | rapidly as possible, to the widely held goal of providing open access to the
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| − | primary scientific literature. Our goal was to agree on significant, concrete steps
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| − | that all relevant parties —the organizations that foster and support scientific
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| − | research, the scientists that generate the research results, the publishers who
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| − | facilitate the peer-review and distribution of results of the research, and the
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| − | scientists, librarians and other who depend on access to this knowledge— can
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| − | take to promote the rapid and efficient transition to open access publishing.
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| − |
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| − | A list of the attendees is given following the statements of principle; they
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| − | participated as individuals and not necessarily as representatives of their
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| − | institutions. Thus, this statement, while reflecting the group consensus, should
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| − | not be interpreted as carrying the unqualified endorsement of each participant or
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| − | any position by their institutions.
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| − |
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| − | Our intention is to reconvene an expanded group in a few months to draft a final
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| − | set of principles that we will then seek to have formally endorsed by funding
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| − | agencies, scientific societies, publishers, librarians, research institutions and
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| − | individual scientists as the accepted standard for publication of peer-reviewed
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| − | reports of original research in the biomedical sciences.
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| − |
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| − | The document is divided into four sections: The first is a working definition of
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| − | open access publication. This is followed by the reports of three working groups.
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| − |
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| − | '''Definition of Open Access Publication'''
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| − |
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| − | An Open Access Publication[1] is one that meets the following two conditions:
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| − |
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| − | 1. The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free,
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| − | irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy,
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| − | use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and
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| − | distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible
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| − | purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship[2], as well as the right
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| − | to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
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| − |
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| − | 2. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a
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| − | copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic
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| − | format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one
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| − | online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly
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| − | society, government agency, or other well-established organization that
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| − | seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and
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| − | long-term archiving (for the biomedical sciences, PubMed Central is such a
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| − | repository).
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| − |
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| − | Notes:
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| − |
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| − | 1. Open access is a property of individual works, not necessarily journals or
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| − | publishers.
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| − |
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| − | 2. Community standards, rather than copyright law, will continue to provide the
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| − | mechanism for enforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the
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| − | published work, as they do now.
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| − |
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| − | '''Statement of the Institutions and Funding Agencies Working Group'''
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| − | Our organizations sponsor and nurture scientific research to promote the creation
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| − | and dissemination of new ideas and knowledge for the public benefit. We
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| − | recognize that publication of results is an essential part of scientific research and
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| − | the costs of publication are part of the cost of doing research. We already expect
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| − | that our faculty and grantees share their ideas and discoveries through
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| − | publication. This mission is only half-completed if the work is not made as widely
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| − | available and as useful to society as possible. The Internet has fundamentally
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| − | changed the practical and economic realities of distributing published scientific
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| − | knowledge and makes possible substantially increased access.
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| − |
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| − | To realize the benefits of this change requires a corresponding fundamental
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| − | change in our policies regarding publication by our grantees and faculty:
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| − |
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| − | 1. We encourage our faculty/grant recipients to publish their work according
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| − | to the principles of the open access model, to maximize the access and
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| − | benefit to scientists, scholars and the public throughout the world.
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| − |
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| − | 2. We realize that moving to open and free access, though probably decreasing
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| − | total costs, may displace some costs to the individual researcher through
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| − | page charges, or to publishers through decreased revenues, and we pledge
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| − | to help defray these costs. To this end we agree to help fund the necessary
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| − | expenses of publication under the open access model of individual papers in
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| − | peer-reviewed journals (subject to reasonable limits based on market
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| − | conditions and services provided).
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| − |
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| − | 3. We reaffirm the principle that only the intrinsic merit of the work, and not
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| − | the title of the journal in which a candidate�s work is published, will be
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| − | considered in appointments, promotions, merit awards or grants.
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| − |
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| − | 4. We will regard a record of open access publication as evidence of service to
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| − | the community, in evaluation of applications for faculty appointments,
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| − | promotions and grants.
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| − |
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| − | We adopt these policies in the expectation that the publishers of scientific works
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| − | share our desire to maximize public benefit from scientific knowledge and will
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| − | view these new policies as they are intended —an opportunity to work together
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| − | for the benefit of the scientific community and the public.
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| − |
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| − | '''Statement of the Libraries & Publishers Working Group'''
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| − | We believe that open access will be an essential component of scientific
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| − | publishing in the future and that works reporting the results of current scientific
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| − | research should be as openly accessible and freely useable as possible. Libraries
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| − | and publishers should make every effort to hasten this transition in a fashion that
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| − | does not disrupt the orderly dissemination of scientific information.
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| − |
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| − | Libraries propose to:
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| − |
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| − | 1. Develop and support mechanisms to make the transition to open access
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| − | publishing and to provide examples of these mechanisms to the community.
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| − |
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| − | 2. In our education and outreach activities, give high priority to teaching our
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| − | users about the benefits of open access publishing and open access
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| − | journals.
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| − |
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| − | 3. List and highlight open access journals in our catalogs and other relevant
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| − | databases.
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| − |
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| − | Journal publishers propose to:
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| − |
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| − | 1. Commit to providing an open access option for any research article
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| − | published in any of the journals they publish.
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| − |
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| − | 2. Declare a specific timetable for transition of journals to open access
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| − | models.
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| − |
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| − | 3. Work with other publishers of open access works and interested parties to
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| − | develop tools for authors and publishers to facilitate publication of
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| − | manuscripts in standard electronic formats suitable for archival storage and
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| − | efficient searching.
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| − |
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| − | 4. Ensure that open access models requiring author fees lower barriers to
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| − | researchers at demonstrated financial disadvantage, particularly those from
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| − | developing countries.
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| − |
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| − | '''Statement of Scientists and Scientific Societies Working Group'''
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| − |
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| − | Scientific research is an interdependent process whereby each experiment is
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| − | informed by the results of others. The scientists who perform research and the
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| − | professional societies that represent them have a great interest in ensuring that
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| − | research results are disseminated as immediately, broadly and effectively as
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| − | possible. Electronic publication of research results offers the opportunity and the
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| − | obligation to share research results, ideas and discoveries freely with the
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| − | scientific community and the public.
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| − |
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| − | == <small>'''File'''</small> ==
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| − |
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| − | == <small>'''Links'''</small> ==
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| − |
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| − | '''URL:''' http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm
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| − |
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| − | '''Wayback Machine:''' https://web.archive.org/web/20160626014401/http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm
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| − |
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| − | '''Wikipedia:''' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing
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| − |
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