Diferencia entre revisiones de «2019 - A Human-Centric Digital Manifesto for Europe How the Digital Transformation Can Serve the Public Interest - Ursula Pachl & Pamela Valenti»

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Over the past decade, new technologies have
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begun to alter societies dramatically. Entire
 
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industries — education, transportation, media,
 
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finance, healthcare, publishing — as well as trust in
 
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democratic institutions, governance and the very
 
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notion of open society are being turned upside down
 
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by the digital revolution. Much of what we took for
 
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granted — the nature of work, individual rights, the
 
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legitimacy of elites, and even what it means to be
 
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human — is being questioned across the world by
 
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digital transformations.
 
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Despite the original promise of a web based on a
 
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decentralized architecture, today’s digital space
 
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has become intensely centralized. Over the past
 
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ten years, the network effect has enabled tech
 
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superpowers to gain astonishing power and wealth,
 
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often based on business models that profit from the
 
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commercial appropriation of users’ data.
 
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Digital technologies have fundamentally altered
 
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the mechanisms through which individuals
 
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encounter and consume information and services,
 
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engage and communicate with other individuals
 
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and with institutions, form self-identities and
 
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foster communities. They have also provided new
 
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means for individuals to engage with the societal
 
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and political spheres, through shared causes and
 
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citizen-driven movements. A shift in the dynamics of
 
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societal participation can be a force for progressive
 
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change towards a more efficient form of organization,
 
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or at least a more inclusive or representative one.
 
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However, fast and disruptive changes also pose
 
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existential challenges to institutions that were
 
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conceived in the 20th century but seem to have lost
 
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touch with this new reality.
 
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The adverse consequences of the digital revolution
 
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– surveillance capitalism based on the exploitation
 
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of our personal data; the spread of anonymous
 
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online abuse; the growing power of big data
 
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monopolies; the decline of mainstream media;
 
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orchestrated disinformation and online propaganda;
 
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unaccountable algorithmic segregation dividing
 
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us into introverted opinion bubbles; an increasing
 
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number of surveillance measures under the
 
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pretext of fighting against criminal networks; the
 
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unaccountable extension of State powers, which is
 
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justified as necessary to deal with emerging threats;
 
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the impact of machine-learning, automated decision making and smart automation on employment,
 
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access to culture1 and privacy2 — all of these challenge the resilience of open and democratic societies.
 
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The disruption of new technologies has triggered
 
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new challenges for institutions and regulators, who re increasingly asked to address the impact of the
 
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digital revolution on society, protect users’ rights
 
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and agency, and establish the conditions for an open
 
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and fair digital market to flourish and stimulate
 
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innovation in the public interest. To protect the
 
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rights of the people from technological forces that
 
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often seem both uncontrollable and unaccountable,
 
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the EU, its Member States and civil society need
 
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to address comprehensively a set of key questions
 
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affecting European democracies and societies.
 
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For the EU to innovate and promote governance
 
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processes that are more inclusive and encourage
 
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people to participate in policymaking, it needs
 
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to diversify the input into the debate around the
 
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European digital agenda, bringing together cuttingedge knowledge, different sectoral perspectives
 
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and innovative thinking that goes beyond past
 
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institutional norms. For this reason, the Open
 
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Society European Policy Institute (OSEPI) and The
 
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European Consumer Organization (BEUC) joined
 
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forces to convene a diverse group of civil society
 
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representatives to discuss how Europe can shape
 
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the next decade of digital transformation in the
 
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public interest. During a first meeting with senior
 
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EU officials in November 2018, the group called on
 
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the European Commission to promote a humancentric approach to the digital transformation in
 
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the preparation of the post-2019 EU agenda.
 
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The Sibiu Declaration of May 9 2019 was an
 
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important first step in this direction, as EU Member
 
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States jointly stressed the need to uphold the
 
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principle of fairness in the digital transformation,
 
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and committed to help the most vulnerable in Europe
 
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and put people before politics.3
 
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In June, the Council conclusions on the future of a highly digitised
 
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EU went even further by emphasizing the crucial
 
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role of a human-centric approach that respects the
 
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Charter of Fundamental Rights and ensures respect
 
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for privacy, data protection rights and intellectual
 
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property rights as well as rules of product safety and
 
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liability.4
 
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Europe is now faced with the dramatic challenge,
 
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responsibility and opportunity of pioneering a better
 
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digital society and bringing human agency back to the
 
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centre of innovation, growth and social cohesion. To
 
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do so, the next European Commission will need to:
 
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a) Focus on the societal impact of digital
 
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technology, looking beyond the single market
 
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and individual privacy to develop a European
 
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model of digital transformation predicated on
 
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human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality,
 
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rule of law, human rights, solidarity, justice,
 
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inclusion and non-discrimination;
 
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b) Strongly commit to rights-based policies and
 
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regulation, particularly at a time when tech
 
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giants increasingly push forward narratives and
 
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commitments on ethics in what seems like an
 
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attempt to dodge issues of public accountability
 
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and societal interest (i.e. ‘ethics washing’).
 
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Principles informing EU policymaking in
 
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the digital sphere should build on the EU
 
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Fundamental Rights framework, and expand
 
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it to ensure that existing offline rights are
 
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protected online;
 
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c) Ensure that transparency, accountability
 
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and participation underpin the development
 
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of human-centric digital policies in Europe. The
 
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genuine, meaningful involvement of civil society
 
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in the development of the next digital agenda
 
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for Europe will be critical to designing and
 
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implementing policies and regulation that serve
 
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the public interest and foster open societies.
 
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This paper expands on these three overarching
 
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recommendations by identifying eight key areas
 
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of focus for the next Commission. Based on
 
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contributions from a diverse group of civil society
 
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representatives, it addresses specific concerns and
 
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suggests possible ways of addressing them.
 
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Pamela Valenti,
 
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Open Society European Policy Institute
 
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1 e.g., the introduction of upload filters in copyright and terrorist content regulation.
 
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2 e.g., e-evidence and data retention
 
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3 European Council, Sibiu Declaration on the future of Europe, May 9 2019.
 
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4 Council of the European Union, Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council Conclusions on the ‘Future of a highly digitised
 
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Europe beyond 2020: Boosting digital and economic competitiveness across the Union and digital cohesion’, June 7 2019.
 
  
 
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Revisión actual del 23:08 23 abr 2022