2010 - My cyberspace bill of rights - Jeff Jarvis
Texto
As Google has shown in its confrontation with China, we don't need government in cyberspace – we need freedom
In my Media Guardian column this Monday, I suggest that we need a bill of rights in cyberspace as a set of amendments to John Perry Barlow's 1996 Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace. Note that I do not suggest the establishment a constitution of the internet; I think that would violate the tenets Barlow so eloquently, if grandiosely, sets forth. We don't need government in cyberspace; we need freedom.
This bill of rights attempts to establish the fundamental freedoms of our internet that must be protected against abridgment by governments, companies, institutions, criminals, subverters or mobs. I suggest in my column that in its confrontation with China, Google is acting as the ambassador for the internet to the old world under its own (rediscovered) principles. So we would be wise to establish our principles. I ask the column's readers to come to this post to suggest and discuss articles.
Here are mine:
A bill of rights in cyberspace
I. We have the right to connect. This is a preamble and precondition to the American first amendment: before we can speak, we must be able to connect. Hillary Clinton defines the freedom to connect as "the idea that governments should not prevent people from connecting to the internet, to websites, or to each other". It is this principle that also informs discussion of net neutrality.
II. We have the right to speak. No one may abridge our freedom of speech. We acknowledge the limitations on freedom of speech but they must be defined as narrowly as possible, lest we find ourselves operating under a lowest common denominator of offence. Freedom is our default.
III. We have the right to speak in our languages. The English language's domination of the internet has faded as more languages and alphabets have joined the net, which is to be celebrated. But Ethan Zuckerman also cautions that in our polyglot internet, we will want to build bridges across languages. We will want to speak in our own languages but also speak with others'.
IV. We have the right to assemble. In the American Bill of Rights, the right to assemble is listed separately from the right to speak. The internet enables us to organise without organisations and collaborate and that now threatens repressive regimes as much as speech.
V. We have the right to act. These first articles are a thread: We connect to speak and speak to assemble and assemble to act and that is how we can and will change the world, not just putting forth grievances but creating the means to fix them. That is what threatens the institutions that would stop us.
VI. We have the right to control our data. You should have access to data about you. And what's yours is yours. We want the internet to operate on a principle of portability, so your information and creations cannot be held prisoner by a service or government and so you retain control. But keep in mind that when control is given to one, it is taken from another; in those details lurk devils. This principle thus speaks to copyright and its laws, which set the definitions and limits of control or creation. This principle also raises questions about whether the wisdom of the crowd belongs to the crowd
VII. We have the right to our own identity. This is not as simple as a name. Our identity online is made up of our names, addresses, speech, creations, actions, connections. Note also that in repressive regimes, maintaining anonymity – hiding one's identity – is a necessity; thus anonymity, with all its faults and baggage and trolls, must also be protected online to protect the dissenter and the whistleblower. Note finally that these two articles – controlling our data and our identities – make up the right to privacy, which is really a matter of control.
VIII. What is public is a public good. The internet is public; indeed, it is a public place (rather than a medium). In the rush to protect privacy, we must beware the dangers of restricting the definition of public. What's public is owned by the public. Making the public private or secret serves the corrupt and tyrannical.
IX. The internet shall be built and operated openly. The internet must continue to be built and operated to open standards. It must not be taken over or controlled by any company or government. It must not be taxed. It is the internet's openness that gives it its freedom. It is this freedom that defines the internet.
Contexto
My cyberspace bill of rights (2010) de Jeff Jarvis es una extensión de su articulo de opinión publicado el 29 de marzo de 2010 Google is defending citizens of the net (1). Las publicaciones de Jeff Jarvis se originaron a partir de una serie de reflexiones del autor sobre la censura impuesta por el gobierno de China a la libertad de expresión en Internet, por lo que retomando el texto de John Perry Barlow publicado en 1996, Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, realizo una serie de enmiendas en My cyberspace bill of rights donde el autor expone 9 puntos, que cree, podrían ayudar a mantener y a fortalecer la red como un espacio neutral, libre de la influencia de gobiernos, empresas y otras instituciones. La publicación de Jarvis pretendía entablar una conversación con los usuarios de Internet y dar pie a más debates y propuestas que permitan establecer algunos principios fundamentales de Internet (2). Precisamente por las conversaciones y discusiones entorno a las declaraciones, el autor ha ido modificando el documento (3) hasta acortarlo a 7 principios (4). La versión final del manifiesto fue presentada en el PDF symposium on WIkileaks and transparency (5) evento con una serie de conversaciones, simposios y conferencias que pretendías contestar las siguientes preguntas: En la era digital, ¿debería toda la información ser gratuita?, ¿Requiere un buen gobierno el secreto o una mayor apertura?, ¿Podemos confiar en los proveedores privados de servicios de Internet para defender la libertad de expresión?, ¿Es Wikileaks una organización terrorista, o el comienzo de un nuevo tipo de periodismo de investigación transnacional?(6).
Autoras
Jeff Jarvis es un periodista, bloguero, escritor y profesor de los Estados Unidos. El periodista cuenta con una columna semanal en el diario The Guardian y fue nombrado como uno de los cien líderes mundiales en medios de comunicación por el foro económico mundial de Davos. Fundó y trabajó como editor de la revista Entertainment Weekly y más tarde fue presidente y director creativo de Advance Internet. Actualmente imparte clases de periodismo en la New York Graduate School y escribe en su blog Buzzmachine.com, uno de los más leídos de la red (6). Es también autor de los libros Y Google, ¿cómo lo haría? (2009) y Partes públicas (2012) (7).
Archivo
Archivo:My cyberspace bill of rights Jeff Jarvis Opinion The Guardian.pdf
Fuentes
(1) Jarvis, J. (2010). Jeff Jarvis: Google is defending citizens of the net. En The Guardian . Disponible en: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/internet-censorship-cyberspace-bill-of-rights
(2) Jarvis, J. (2010). My cyberspace bill of rights. En The Guardian . Disponible en: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/internet-censorship-cyberspace-bill-of-rights
(3) Jarvis, J. (2010). Amending a Bill of Rights for Cyberspace. En Seeking Alpha . Disponible en: https://seekingalpha.com/article/197399-amending-a-bill-of-rights-for-cyberspace
(4) Hussey, T. (2010). Jeff Jarvis Updates His Cyberspace Bill of Rights—Are these rights self-evident?. En The Next Web . Disponible en: https://thenextweb.com/media/2010/12/11/jeff-jarvis-updates-his-cyberspace-bill-of-rightsare-these-rights-self-evident/
(5) Jarvis, J. (2010). Bill of Rights in Cyberspace, amended. En Buzz Machine. Disponible en: https://buzzmachine.com/2010/12/10/bill-of-rights-in-cyberspace-amended-2/
(6) https://www.planetadelibros.com/autor/jeff-jarvis/000020262
(7) Fernandez, P. (2015). Facebook y Google conocen mejor que nosotros a nuestros lectores. En El País . Dispobile en: https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/03/12/actualidad/1426174603_716507.html
Enlaces
Primera edición: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/internet-censorship-cyberspace-bill-of-rights
URL: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/internet-censorship-cyberspace-bill-of-rights, https://buzzmachine.com/2010/03/27/a-bill-of-rights-in-cyberspace/
Wayback Machine: https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/29/internet-censorship-cyberspace-bill-of-rights, https://web.archive.org/web/20190228184201/https://buzzmachine.com/2010/03/27/a-bill-of-rights-in-cyberspace/